Research integrity codes of conduct in Europe: Understanding the divergences

In the past decade, policy-makers in science have been concerned with harmonizing research integrity standards across Europe. These are encapsulated European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Yet, almost every country today has its own national-level code conduct integrity. this study we document detail how codes diverge on all aspects concerning integrity—except what constitutes egregious misconduct. Besides allowing potentially unfair responses to joint misconduct by international collaborations, argue that divergences raise questions about envisaged self-regulatory function conduct.